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Shaikh of Uttar Pradesh
The Shaikh are a Muslim community found in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. They are part of the larger Shaikh community of South Asia. Quite a few Shaikh have immigrated to Pakistan, where they form an important element in the Muhajir community. Common surnames used by the community include Sayyid, Quraishi, Farooqi, Osmani, Siddiqui and Shaikh.〔People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Three edited by A Hasan & J C Das〕
==History and origin==
Shaikh is a word or honorific term in the Arabic language that literally means "elder." It is commonly used to designate an elder of a tribe, a revered wise man, or an Islamic scholar. In the context of Uttar Pradesh, the title Shaikh signifies actual or claimed Arab descent and connotes a status group. The Shaikh do not constitute a single homegenous community, but represent instead a congeries of a large number of separate sub-groups. For example, the Shaikhs are divided into a number of sub-groups, referred to as biradaris, based on descent and source of origin and their members not only identify themselves as members of separate groups, but are strictly endogamous. Examples of important Shaikh biradaris are the Qidwai((Siddiqui,Farooqi)), found in Barabanki,Farrukhabad,Kannauj, District,Grand Shaikhs belonging to Allahabad and Behlim found mainly in Bulandshahr District.〔Social Stratification edited by Dipankar Gupta Oxford University Press〕
Throughout the history of the Delhi Sultanate and its successor the Mughal Empire in South Asia, Muslim technocrats, bureaucrats, soldiers, traders, scientists, architects, teachers, theologians and Sufis flocked from the rest of the Muslim world, and the region that now forms Uttar Pradesh was the centre of Islamic power in India. Over time, the name Shaikh was given to these Muslim families, many of whom were settled in fortified Muslim settlements, known as qasbas. They played a key role in the early Islamic history of Uttar Pradesh, serving as courtiers and administrators for the Delhi Sultanate and later Mughal rulers. Often these early settlers from the Central Asia were granted jagirs (estates), and were the earliest Muslim colonists in the region. One such community of early Shaikh colonists are the Qidwai, whose ancestor was Qazi Qidwa, a son of the Sultans of Rum, in what is now modern Turkey. The Qazi is said to have been sent him to the Awadh region to spread Islam, where he is said to have won over fifty villages to Islam. These fifty villages were latter awarded to him, and the region became known as Qidwara.〔Caste and Social Stratification Among Muslims edited by Imtiaz Ahmed page 212 Manohar 1978〕 According to another tradition, Kazi Kidwa is said have defeated a local ruler in the Awadh region by the name of Raja Jagdeopur. This Raja was said to have belonged to the aboriginal Bhar community. The original settlement of the tribe was Juggaur in Lucknow district, from where they spread to Barabanki District.〔Barabanki: A Gazetteer Volume XLVIII by H. R Neville page 100 1904 Government of India press〕 These early colonists were often required to make converts, and these converts often adopted the clan name of those at whose hand they accepted Islam, and this led to a substantial growth in the Shaikh community.〔
Many Shaikh families claim descent from the sahaba of Mohammad or directly from Muhammad.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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